“Portugal will not become another soviet satellite”. The anti-communist campaign of the Portuguese Times during the 1975 elections in Portugal

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24137/raeic.9.e.10

Keywords:

Revolution, Portugal, elections, propaganda, diaspora, United States, Portuguese Times

Abstract

After the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974, the political transition process in Portugal became a matter of enormous political and informative interest due to its consequences not only for the future of the Iberian country, but also for its relevant implications in world geopolitics. For months, the Portuguese revolutionary process occupied the news agenda of the international media, which closely followed the evolution of events, especially in the months leading up to the constituent elections of April 25, 1975. In this context, Portuguese immigrants in the United States lived the revolutionary process with uneasiness and agitation, estimulated by one of the media of reference in the New England colony, the weekly Portuguese Times, which tried to lead a movement of opposition to communism and in favor of democracy in Portugal. This qualitative study aims to analyze the editorial line of the newspaper during the three months prior to the vote and to describe some of the most significant actions of its propaganda campaign, which mobilized thousands of immigrants through an appeal to the fear of the establishment of a communist dictatorship.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Alberto Pena-Rodríguez, Universidade de Vigo (UVigo)

    Doctor Europeus en Ciencias de la Información por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y doctor en Historia (con premio extraordinario) por la UNED, es profesor titular de Historia de la Propaganda en la Universidad de Vigo desde 1999. Ha publicado en revistas como Media History, Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies o Journal of Iberian & Latin American Research. Actualmente, es el director de la Sección de Historia de la Comunicación Social de la AE-IC.

  • Lucía Ballesteros-Aguayo, Universidad de Málaga (UMA)

    Licenciada en Periodismo y en Publicidad y Doctora en Periodismo, es profesora de la Universidad de Málaga. Especializada en Communication, Disinformation, Propaganda y Media Studies, entre sus últimos trabajos están “Humour in the post-war press: Short stories of Gloria Fuertes in the falangist magazine Maravillas” (Revista Latina de Comunicación Social) y “Traitors of the Homeland: The stigmatization of reds in falangist discourse” (Peter Lang Publishing).

References

American Census Bureau (2012). Yearbook of Immigration Statistics. Recuperado de https://cutt.ly/XJhZp70

Baganha, M. I. (2009). The Lusophone Migratory System: Patterns and Trends. International Migration, 47(3), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00522.x

Baines, P., O’Shaughnessy, N. y Snow, N. (Eds.) (2019). The SAGE Handbook of Propaganda. Los Angeles-Londres: Sage Publications.

Ferreira, A. (2007). The Impact of the Post-Capelinhos Immigration Wave on the Portuguese Media in the United States. The Portuguese-Language Media on the East Coast. En J. Figueira (Ed.), Os jornais como actores políticos: o Diário de Notícias, Expresso e Jornal Novo no Verão quente de 1975. Coimbra: Minerva.

Gomes, G. (1995). The Portuguese-Language Press in California: The Response to American Politics, 1880-1928. Gávea-Brown, XV-XVI, 17-28.

Gomes, P. M. (2021). A Imprensa na Revolução. Os Novos Jornais e as Lutas Políticas de 1975. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda.

Goulart, T. (Ed.) (2007). Capelinhos. A Volcano of Synergies. Azorean Emigration to America (pp. 178-191). San Jose: Governo Regional dos Açores.

Herman, E. S. (2000). The propaganda model: a retrospective. Journalism Studies, 1(1), 101–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/146167000361195

Jiménez, J. C. (2009). España y Portugal en transición: los caminos a la democracia en la Península Ibérica. Madrid: Sílex.

Lima, H. (2014). The Portuguese press in the 3rd Republic. En J. P. Sousa et al. (Ed.= History of the Press in the Portuguese-Speaking Countries (pp. 327-374). Oporto: Media XXI.

Luís, R. F. S. (2012). La reacción española ante la revolución portuguesa a través de la prensa. El tratamiento de los principales diarios (1974-1976). Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra [tesis doctoral]. Recuperado de http://hdl.handle.net/10230/5904

McDonald, J. (2007). American Ethnic History. Themes and Perspectives. News Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

Medeiros Ferreira, J. (2003). Portugal en transición. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Miller, S. M. (Ed.) (1987). The Ethnic Press in the United States. A Historical Analysis and Handbook. New York-Londres: Greenwood Press.

Pap, L. (1987). The Portuguese Press. En S. M.Miller (Ed.). Op. cit., 291-302.

Pena Rodríguez, A. (2020). News on the American dream. A history of the Portuguese press in the United States. North Dartmouth: University of Massahusetts Press.

Pena Rodríguez, A. (2021). Comunicar en la diáspora. Prensa, radio, exilio y propaganda entre los inmigrantes portugueses en Estados Unidos. Granada: Comares Comunicación.

Pena Rodríguez, A. y Hohlfeldt, A. (Eds.) (2021). Para uma História do Jornalismo Português no Mundo. Lisboa: Icnova.

Mesquita, M. (1994). O Caso República. Um incidente crítico, Revista de História das Ideias, 16, 507-554. https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_16_17

Mesquita, M. y Rebelo, J. (Eds.) (1994). O 25 de Abril nos Media Internacionais. Oporto: Edições Afrontamento.

Rezola, M. I. (2002). Del Movimiento de los Capitanes al Consejo de la Revolución: la cuestión electoral y el debate en torno a la institucionalización del Movimiento de las Fuerzas Armadas. Historia y política, 7, 181-210.

Rhodes, L. D. (2010). The Ethnic Press: Shaping the American Dream. Nueva York: Peter Lang.

Ribeiro, N. (2002). A Rádio Renascença e o 25 de Abril. Lisboa: Universidade Católica.

Ribeiro, V. (2014). Os primeiros passos da comunicação política democrática em Portugal: a 5.ª divisão do MFA como motor da propaganda revolucionária no PREC. História: Revista da FLUP, 4, 79-91. Recuperado de https://cutt.ly/CJhXhwK

Sanchez Cervelló, J. (1995). La transición portuguesa y su influencia en la transición española (1961-1975). San Sebastián: Nerea.

Soules, M. (2015). Media, persuasion and propaganda. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Sousa, J. P. y Lima, H. (2020). História do jornalismo em Portugal: proposta de periodização. Revista Brasileira de História da Mídia, 9(2), 171-190. https://doi.org/10.26664/issn.2238-5126.92202012183

Vismanath, K. y Arora, P. (2000). Ethnic Media in the United States: An Essay on Their Role in Integration, Assimilation and Social Control. Mass Communication & Society, 3(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_03

Williams, J. (2007). In Pursuit of Their Dreams. A History of Azorean Immigration to the United States. North Dartmouth: Tagus Press.

Portada_Campaña anticomunista del Portuguese Times

Published

2022-06-07

How to Cite

“Portugal will not become another soviet satellite”. The anti-communist campaign of the Portuguese Times during the 1975 elections in Portugal. (2022). Revista De La Asociación Española De Investigación De La Comunicación, 9(Especial), 166-186. https://doi.org/10.24137/raeic.9.e.10